भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन
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भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन


क्रिप्स मिशन की विफ़लता के बाद महात्मा गाँधी ने ब्रिटिश शासन के खिलाफ़ अपना तीसरा बड़ा आंदोलन छेड़ने का फ़ैसला लिया। अगस्त 1942 में शुरू हुए इस आंदोलन को अंग्रेजों भारत छोड़ो का नाम दिया गया था। हालांकि गाँधी जी को फ़ौरन गिरफ़्तार कर लिया गया था लेकिन देश भर के युवा कार्यकर्ता हड़तालों और तोड़फ़ोड़ की कार्रवाइयों के जरिए आंदोलन चलाते रहे। कांग्रेस में जयप्रकाश नारायण जैसे समाजवादी सदस्य भूमिगत प्रतिरोधि गतिविधियों में सबसे ज्यादा सक्रिय थे। पश्चिम में सतारा और पूर्व में मेदिनीपुर जैसे कई जिलों में स्वतंत्र सरकार ;प्रतिसरकार की स्थापना कर दी गई थी। अंग्रेजों ने आंदोलन के प्रति काफ़ी सख्त रवैया अपनाया फ़िर भी इस विद्रोह को दबाने में सरकार को साल भर से ज्यादा समय लग गया।
भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन सही मायने में एक जनांदोलन था जिसमें लाखों आम हिंदुस्तानी शामिल थे। इस आंदोलन ने युवाओं को बड़ी संख्या में अपनी ओर आकर्षित किया। उन्होंने अपने कॉलेज छोड़कर जेल का रास्ता अपनाया। जिस दौरान कांग्रेस के नेता जेल में थे उसी समय जिन्ना तथा मुस्लिम लीग के उनके साथी अपना प्रभाव क्षेत्र फ़ैलाने में लगे थे। इन्हीं सालों में लीग को पंजाब और सिंध में अपनी पहचान बनाने का मौका मिला जहाँ अभी तक उसका कोई खास वजूद नहीं था।
जून 1944 में जब विश्व युद्ध समाप्ति की ओर था तो गाँधी जी को रिहा कर दिया गया। जेल से निकलने के बाद उन्होंने कांग्रेस और लीग के बीच फ़ासले को पाटने के लिए जिन्ना के साथ कई बार बात की। 1945 में ब्रिटेन में लेबर पार्टी की सरकार बनी। यह सरकार भारतीय स्वतंत्रता के पक्ष में थी। उसी समय वायसराय लॉर्ड वावेल ने कांग्रेस और मुस्लिम लीग के प्रतिनिधियों के बीच कई बैठकों का आयोजन किया।
1946 की शुरुआत में प्रांतीय विधान मंडलों के लिए नए सिरे से चुनाव कराए गए। सामान्य श्रेणी में कांग्रेस को भारी सफ़लता मिली। मुसलमानों के लिए आरक्षित सीटों पर मुस्लिम लीग को भारी बहुमत प्राप्त हुआ। राजनीतिक ध्रुवीकरण पूरा हो चुका था। 1946 की गर्मियों में कैबिनेट मिशन भारत आया। इस मिशन ने कांग्रेस और मुस्लिम लीग को एक ऐसी संघीय व्यवस्था पर राज़ी करने का प्रयास किया जिसमें भारत के भीतर विभिन्न प्रांतों को सीमित स्वायत्तता दी जा सकती थी। कैबिनेट मिशन का यह प्रयास भी विफ़ल रहा। वार्ता टूट जाने के बाद जिन्ना ने पाकिस्तान की स्थापना के लिए लीग की माँग के समर्थन में एक प्रत्यक्ष कार्यवाही दिवस का आह्‌वान किया। इसके लिए 16 अगस्त, 1946 का दिन तय किया गया था। उसी दिन कलकत्ता में खूनी संघर्ष शुरू हो गया। यह हिंसा कलकत्ता से शुरू होकर ग्रामीण बंगाल, बिहार और संयुक्त प्रांत व पंजाब तक फ़ैल गई। कुछ स्थानों पर मुसलमानों को तो कुछ अन्य स्थानों पर हिंदुओं को निशाना बनाया गया।
फ़रवरी 1947 में वावेल की जगह लॉर्ड माउंटबेटन को वायसराय नियुक्त किया गया। उन्होंने वार्ताओं के एक अंतिम दौर का आह्‌वान किया। जब सुलह के लिए उनका यह प्रयास भी विफ़ल हो गया तो उन्होंने ऐलान कर दिया कि ब्रिटिश भारत को स्वतंत्रता दे दी जाएगी लेकिन उसका विभाजन भी होगा। औपचारिक सत्ता हस्तांतरण के लिए 15 अगस्त का दिन नियत किया गया। उस दिन भारत के विभिन्न भागों में लोगों ने जमकर खुशियाँ मनायीं। दिल्ली में जब संविधान सभा के अध्यक्ष ने मोहनदास करमचंद गाँधी को राष्ट्रपिता की उपाधि देते हुए संविधान सभा की बैठक शुरू की तो बहुत देर तक करतल ध्वनि होती रही। असेम्बली के बाहर भीड़ महात्मा गाँधी की जय के नारे लगा रही थी।
5- आखिरी, बहादुराना दिन
15 अगस्त 1947 को राजधानी में हो रहे उत्सवों में महात्मा गाँधी नहीं थे। उस समय वे कलकत्ता में थे लेकिन उन्होंने वहाँ भी न तो किसी कार्यक्रम में हिस्सा लिया, न ही कहीं झंडा फ़हराया। गाँधी जी उस दिन 24 घंटे के उपवास पर थे। उन्होंने इतने दिन तक जिस स्वतंत्रता के लिए संघर्ष किया था वह एक अकल्पनीय कीमत पर उन्हें मिली थी। उनका राष्ट्र विभाजित था हिंदू-मुसलमान एक-दूसरे की गर्दन पर सवार थे। उनके जीवनी लेखक डी-जी- तेंदुलकर ने लिखा है कि सितंबर और अक्तूबर के दौरान गाँधी जी फ्पीड़ितों को सांत्वना देते हुए अस्पतालों और शरणार्थी शिविरों के चक्कर लगा रहे थे। उन्होंने सिखों, हिंदुओं और मुसलमानों से आह्‌वान किया कि वे अतीत को भुला कर अपनी पीड़ा पर ध्यान देने की बजाय एक-दूसरे के प्रति भाईचारे का हाथ बढ़ाने तथा शांति से रहने का संकल्प लें।
गाँधी जी और नेहरू के आग्रह पर कांग्रेस ने अल्पसंख्यकों के अधिकारों पर एक प्रस्ताव पारित कर दिया। कांग्रेस ने दो राष्ट्र सिद्धान्त को कभी स्वीकार नहीं किया था। जब उसे अपनी इच्छा के विरुद्ध बँटवारे पर मंजूरी देनी पड़ी तो भी उसका दृढ़ विश्वास था कि भारत बहुत सारे धर्मों और बहुत सारी नस्लों का देश है और उसे ऐसे ही बनाए रखा जाना चाहिए। पाकिस्तान में हालात जो रहें, भारत एक लोकतांत्रिक धर्मनिरपेक्ष राष्ट्र होगा जहाँ सभी नागरिकों को पूर्ण अधिकार प्राप्त होंगे तथा धर्म के आधार पर भेदभाव के बिना सभी को राज्य की ओर से संरक्षण का अधिकार होगा। कांग्रेस ने आश्वासन दिया कि वह अल्पसंख्यकों के नागरिक अधिकारों के किसी भी अतिक्रमण के विरुद्ध हर मुमकिन रक्षा करेगी।







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Vijaya Bank PO Exam-gENERAL AWARENESS QUESTION PAPER
Unknown
1. The Foreign Exchange Reserve of India are kept in the custody of……
(A) World Bank
(B) International Monetary Fund
(C) Prime Minister Rahat Kosh
(D) Reserve Bank of India
(E) None of these

2. The Reserve Bank of India issues coins and notes of various denominations. At present RBI does not issue coins of which of the following denominations ?
(A) 10 paise
(B) 20 paise
(C) 25 paise
(D) 50 paise
(E) 1•00 Rupee

3. The European Union has adopted which of the following as a common currency ?
(A) Dollar
(B) Dinar
(C) Yen
(D) Peso
(E) Euro

4. Various Banks in the country have installed machines which disburse money to general public. These machines are called……
(A) Coin dispensing machines
(B) ATMs
(C) Debit Card Machines
(D) Ledger Machines
(E) None of these

5. Which of the following names is not associated with the insurance business in India ?
(A) Bajaj Allianz
(B) LIC
(C) GIC
(D) Tata AIG
(E) GE Money

6. Commodity Exchanges at various places in India are trading in many metals like gold, silver, etc. Many times we read in newspapers that gold no more has emained the highest trading option and has been replaced by a non-traditional metal known as……
(A) copper
(B) steel
(C) zinc
(D) white gold
(E) None of these

7. Which of the following is known as Plastic money ?
1. Demand Draft
2. Credit Card
3. Debit Card
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 3
(D) Both 2 and 3
(E) All 1, 2 and 3

8. Many a time we see a term in newspapers ‘IPO’. What is the full form of the same ?
(A) Indian Public Offer
(B) Institutional Purchase
(C) Industrial Purchase Order
(D) Indian Purchase Offer
(E) Initial Public Offer

9. Many a times we read in financial newspapers a term/name NMCEX. What is the full form of the same ?
(A) New Multi Capital Exchange
(B) National Medium Commodity Exchange
(C) National Multi Commodity Exchange
(D) Net Marketable Commodity Exchange
(E) None of these

10. Many Banks these days are entering into business of offering loans against property. This business of the banks can be categorized under which of the following heads of banking ?
(A) Corporate Banking
(B) Personal Banking
(C) Merchant Banking
(D) Portfolio Management Service
(E) None of these

11. Which of the following organizations/banks has done a commendable work in the field of micro finance and was awarded Nobel Prize also in the past ?
(A) Gramin Bank of Bangladesh
(B) CRY
(C) ASHA
(D) NABARD
(E) None of these

12. Nobel Prizes are not given for the performance in the area of…
(A) Literature
(B) Physics
(C) Chemistry
(D) Music
(E) Medical Science

13. In which of the following Hindi films has actor Shahrukh Khan played the role of a Hockey Coach ?
(A) Guru
(B) Chak De India
(C) Om Shanti Om
(D) Jab We Met
(E) None of these

14. Which of the following countries has not made any significant investment in India ?
(A) Japan
(B) USA
(C) Nepal
(D) Britain
(E) France

15. Which of the following is considered an informal method of getting credit/finance ?
(A) Internet Banking
(B) Branch visits
(C) Going to money lenders
(D) Tele Banking
(E) All of these

16. Which amongst the following nations is not a member of the SAARC ?
(A) Bangladesh
(B) Bhutan
(C) Nepal
(D) Maldives
(E) South Africa

17. Which of the following indexes is developed to measure life expectancy, level of literacy, education and standard of living of people in a country ?
(A) Inflation
(B) Sensex
(C) Human Development Index
(D) SLR
(E) None of these

18. Which of the following is not a Public Sector Unit/Undertaking/Agency ?
(A) ECGC
(B) SEBI
(C) SIDBI
(D) Axis Bank
(E) BHEL

19. Which of the countries represent letter ‘C’ in the category known as BRIC countries ?
(A) Canada
(B) Chile
(C) Cuba
(D) Croatia
(E) China

20. Who amongst the following addresses the nation on the Independence Day from the ramparts of the Red Fort, Delhi ?
(A) President of India
(B) UPA Chairperson
(C) Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(D) Prime Minister of India
(E) None of these

21. Which of the following awards is given for excellence in the field of sports ?
(A) Kalidas Samman
(B) Dhyanchand Award
(C) Shram Vir Award
(D) Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award
(E) None of these

22. Which of the following does not represent the name of a bank working in India ?
(A) YES
(B) HDFC
(C) TATA
(D) Kotak Mahindra
(E) ICICI

23. Twenty-20 matches are played in which of the following
(A) Hockey
(B) Football
(C) Badminton
(D) Tennis
(E) Cricket

24. Which of the following deals between India and one major country was put on a hold for some time as India is finding difficult to implement it ?
(A) 123 Pact with USA
(B) Fifth generation fighter plane deal with Russia
(C) Heavy Water deal with Iran
(D) Border talks with China
(E) None of these

25. Which of the following is a type of tax levied by the Govt. on goods and services ?
(A) SAT
(B) NET
(C) PAN
(D) VAT
(E) None of these

26. As per the news appeared in some major newspapers India is number two in getting ‘PE’. What is the full form of ‘PE’ as used in the financial world ?
(A) Professional and Ecofriendly
(B) Profitable Equity
(C) Profitable and Economical
(D) Private and Economical
(E) Private Equity

27. Many a times we read in newspapers about ‘Financial Inclusion’. What does it really mean ? [Pick up correct statement(s)]
1. Allow the merger and acquisition of banks so that only few big banks exist and continue to cater to the need of corporate sector.
2. Expending the network of banks in such a way that people from lower strata of society also get the benefit of services provided by banks.
3. Providing Insurance cover to each and every citizen so that he/she can live a healthy and long life.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 3
(D) Both 1 and 2
(E) All 1, 2 and 3

28. Which of the following organizations recently issued some guidelines related to ‘Participatory Notes’ as used in financial world ?
(A) RBI
(B) IRDA
(C) SEBI
(D) AMFI
(E) None of these

29. Heavy Water is normally used by which of the following industries ?
(A) Nuclear Power generation plants
(B) Pharma Industry
(C) Paper Industry
(D) Sugar plants
(E) Tea plantations

30. As per news items published in various newspapers, Italy has offered its help in developing ‘SMEs’ in India. What is the full form of ‘SME’ ?
(A) Small and Monopolistic Economy
(B) Speedy and Mechanical
(C) Small and medium enterprises
(D) Small and Medium Level Economy
(E) None of these


Answers
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (E) 4. (B) 5. (E) 6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (E) 9. (C) 10. (B)
11. (A) 12. (D) 13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (C) 16. (E) 17. (C) 18. (B) 19. (E) 20. (D)
21. (B) 22. (C) 23. (E) 24. (A) 25. (D) 26. (E) 27. (B) 28. (C) 29. (A) 30. (C)







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Bank of Baroda Clerck
Rakhi
Bank of Baroda Clerck - English Language : Paper
Directions—(Q. 1 to 10) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.

Off the coast near Jeddah about six years ago I slipped a pair of flippers onto my feet, put on a face mask and gingerly poked my head beneath the placid surface of the Red Sea. I am not sure, now, exactly what I saw in that first glimpse; shafts of sunlight, probably, slanting off through clear blue water; a coral reef of fantasticrecall that by the time I surfaced I had already developed a need to return to that incredibly lovely world below. So I did. Indeed, it would not be much of an exaggeration to say that except for such periods as were necessary to earn a living, I have rarely been anywhere else. Diving became a passion and then a way of life—one, as you will gather, I totally endorse.

For the first year after that initial experience I amused myself by hunting fish with a spear gun. It was not at all difficult. Fish are so abundant there that divers do not need to use tanks to get down to where the fish are; they find them near the surface. Furthermore, the water of the Red Sea, like the Caribbean, the South Seas and parts of the Indian Ocean, is so transparent that you can see upto 150 feet away. Thus, all you really need are a mask, a snorkel tube to breathe through, flippers and a spear gun.

Hunting, however, began to pall on me. I began to wonder if it wouldn’t be more interesting—and more sporting—to photograph some of these magnificent‘fringing reefs’—great barriers of coral 10 to 200 miles wide that wind along the African shore from Egypt to Djibouti and down the Asian shore from Aqaba to the Babal-Mandab at the gate of the Indian Ocean. Although no more than the accumulation of billions of coral polyps—minute

1. In what way is the Red Sea SIMILAR to the Caribbean Sea, the South Seas, etc.
(1) Variety of Fish
(2) Fantastic Reefs
(3) Clear and transparent water
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 3 only
(D) All the three
(E) None of these

2. Which of the following changes occurred in the author after the initial period of a year or so ?
(1) He got fed up with hunting
(2) He struck with the idea of shooting the fish with a camera rather than by spear gun
(3) Hunting became more interesting and sporting
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1 and 2 only
(E) All the three

3. Fishing in the Red Sea off the coast near Jeddah was—
(A) Difficult because the water was transparent
(B) Risky because tanks are needed to spot the fish
(C) Easy because the fish are clearly visible near the surface itself
(D) Cumbersome because of the tools like mask, snorkel tube, flippers, etc.
(E) More difficult than at the Caribbean Sea, the South Sea and the Indian Ocean

4. What are ‘fringing reefs’ ?
(A) Calcareous deposit formation
(B) Collection of fish
(C) Sea-food accumulation
(D) Collection of minute creatures other than fish
(E) None of these

Directions—(Q. 5 to 7) Which of the following is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word given in bold as used in the passage ?

5. GINGERLY
(A) Cautiously
(B) Recklessly
(C) Clearly
(D) Purposely
(E) Unintentionally

6. MAGNIFICENT
(A) Delicate
(B) Fragile
(C) Obvious
(D) Powerful
(E) Splendid

7. TRANSPARENT
(A) Opaque
(B) Glowing
(C) Dependable
(D) Visible
(E) Dark

Directions—(Q. 8 to 10) Which of the following is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word given in bold as used in the passage.

8. RECALL
(A) Call up
(B) Recollect
(C) Forget
(D) Invite
(E) Send back

9. MINUTE
(A) Enormous
(B) Tiny
(C) Small
(D) Heavy
(E) Delay

10. FANTASTIC
(A) Incredible
(B) Plausible
(C) Unforgettable
(D) Imaginary
(E) Realistic

Directions—(Q. 11 to 15) In each question a sentence is given with a part printed in bold. That part may contain a grammatical error. Replace that part with the four choices given (A), (B), (C) and (D). If the sentence is correct and no correction is required, mark (E) as the answer.

11. In quick time she got acquainted with the new environment.
(A) In enough time
(B) In small time
(C) On time only
(D) In no time
(E) No correction required

12. The meeting was postponed due to lack of quorum.
(A) Due
(B) Because of
(C) For
(D) Against the
(E) No correction required

13. It was quite clear that the athlete can be able to improve upon his own record.
(A) Will be able to
(B) Should be able
(C) Would be able
(D) Be able
(E) No correction required

14. He has not written any book since his mother had died.
(A) Died
(B) Have died
(C) Has died
(D) Was dead
(E) No correction required

15. It was too cold to go out last evening, so we all stayed at home.
(A) Too cold for going
(B) Very cold to go
(C) Extremely cold for go
(D) So cold that to go
(E) No correction required

Directions—(Q. 16 to 20) Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The letter of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (E).
(Ignore errors of punctuation, if any).

16. Since the online education system (A) / has been poorly designed there (B) / are not many
institute (C) / that offer this facility.(D) No error (E)

17. Unless the new resolution is (A) / completely reviewed it (B) / will cause a great deal of (C) / trouble for new employees. (D) No error (E)

18. After careful scrutiny of the report (A) / variety mistakes that had been (B) / made by the research (C) / department were found. (D) No error (E)

19. His industrious nature (A) /and calm temperament (B) / have endeared him (C)/ to his colleagues and one’s superiors. (D) No error (E)

20. The celebrities that organized (A)/the marathon were aiming (B)/ to create an awareness (C)/ about the treatment of diabetes. (D) No error (E)

Directions—(Q. 21 to 23) Choose the word/phrase which is most nearly the SAMEbold as used in the passage.

21. Incurred
(A) collected
(B) included
(C) spent
(D) experienced
(E) adjusted

22. Prevailing
(A) popular
(B) implemented
(C) existing
(D) persuading
(E) winning

23. Hurdles
(A) bars
(B) defects
(C) rejections
(D) protests
(E) obstacles

Directions—(Q. 24 and 25) Choose the word/phrase which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.

24. Vital
(A) practical
(B) voluntary
(C) negative
(D) worthless
(E) minimum

25. Flourishing
(A) drooping
(B) declining
(C) fluctuating
(D) opposing
(E) lacking

Directions—(Q. 26 to 30) In each sentence below, one word has been printed in bold. Below the sentence five words are suggested, one of which can replace the word printed in bold without changing the meaning of the sentence. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

26. The professor requested the Dean to visit his house.
(A) get in
(B) welcome
(C) see
(D) call on
(E) call at

27. She knew that he will not be able to slip past the watchful custom officials.
(A) fall
(B) run
(C) hide
(D) chit
(E) escape

28. At night Romesh complained of severe pain in his stomach.
(A) serious
(B) deep
(C) bad
(D) biting
(E) intense

29. Shivaji always excelled in the use of the sword.
(A) surpassed
(B) speeded
(C) ahead
(D) skilled
(E) defeated

30. You must stay with your son when he is ill.
(A) reside
(B) remain
(C) stop
(D) occupy
(E) rest

Directions—(Q. 31 to 35) In each question below, a sentence is given with a part of it printed in bold type. That part may contain a grammatical error. Each sentence is followed by phrases (A), (B), (C) and (D). Find out which phrase should replace the phrase given in bold to correct the error, if there is any, and to make the sentence grammatically meaningful and correct. If the sentence is correct as it is and no correction is required mark (E) as the answer.

31. Fishing and swimming are two different activities, independence of one another.
(A) independent of the other
(B) independence of the other
(C) independent of each other
(D) interdependence on each other
(E) No correction required

32. An early action on our suggestion, preferably before the elections are announced, will be appreciative.
(A) would be appreciate
(B) would have been appreciate
(C) would have been appreciated
(D) will be appreciated
(E) No correction required

33. He is the man whose advice is difficult in following.
(A) advice is not easy in following
(B) advice is difficult to follow
(C) advice has difficult to follow
(D) advice has difficulty to follow
(E) No correction required

34. He told me that he only had a little money.
(A) tells me that he only has a little
(B) told me that only he has a little
(C) only told me that he has little
(D) told me that he had only a little
(E) No correction required

35. You must ensure that I get my cheque encash before Saturday.
(A) my cheque cashed
(B) cash my cheque
(C) my cheque cash
(D) encash my cheque
(E) No correction required

Directions—(Q. 36 to 40) Pick out the most effective word from the given words to fill in the blank to make the sentence meaningfully complete.

36. He tends to ………… to any suggestion I make in meetings.
(A) differ
(B) agree
(C) accept
(D) act
(E) cooperate

37. We were shocked by the young man’s…………for money.
(A) greed
(B) acumen
(C) versatility
(D) projection
(E) indifference

38. Let us cultivate a strong will, a …………mental desire and determination to achieve our ideals.
(A) tall
(B) sure
(C) sardonic
(D) keen
(E) cutting

39. He ………… children to open their eyes and ears to the beauty of life.
(A) admonished
(B) promised
(C) exhorted
(D) complemented
(E) reprimanded

40. We must work hard towards ………… of the underprivileged people of our country.
(A) proliferation
(B) emancipation
(C) contribution
(D) association
(E) unification

Answers
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (E) 7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (A) 10. (E)
11. (D) 12. (C) 13. (C) 14. (A) 15. (E) 16. (C) 17. (D) 18. (B) 19. (D) 20. (C)
21. (C) 22. (C) 23. (E) 24. (D) 25. (B) 26. (C) 27. (B) 28. (E) 29. (A) 30. (A)
31. (C) 32. (D) 33. (B) 34. (D) 35. (D) 36. (B) 37. (A) 38. (D) 39. (C) 40. (B)
beauty and, no doubt, many fish. But I do creatures rather than kill them. It was certainly an ideal place for underwater photography. In addition to hundreds of species of fish the Red Sea coast offers thousands of miles of what they call in meaning as the word printed in creatures that produce a calcareous deposit—the reefs have grown to fantastic sizes, the largest being the 1,200 mile-long Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
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